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The EEC is, among other things, a few EEPROM chips which hold the settings.
These are overriden by the external EEPROM chips, it's settings will take
precidence over the EEC. If you get tuning software and *really* know what
you are doing, you can reflash the EEPROM chips in the EEC. I do stress the
*really* part as you need to know exactly what you are doing or you can make
your car run like crap.
There are a few people who will fly out to dyno sessions and tune your car,
if you don't have an external chip, they will reflash your EEC.
EEPROM stands for "Electrical Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory". By
exposing it to an electrical charge, a "Flash" of electricity if you will,
you erase the contents and then can re-write to them (usually in the same
process.) The chips come unprogrammed from the factory, and Ford flashes
them to put on the settings it wants while the car is on the line. EPROM
uses UV light instead of electricity.
If you've ever worked on your computer, here are some EEPROMs that will give
you an idea of how the process works.
BIOS chip, allows you to flash it for extra options, extra CPU support, etc.
Modem EEPROM, allows you to flash it for new standards (the U.S.Robotics X2
to V.90 flash being the most recent I can recall)
Video BIOS chip, allows you to change hardware instructions on the card (as
opposed to software changes like resolution and such)
DVD ROM EEPROM (also on set-top boxes), This is where they region lock the
drives and why you can change the region a few times, it reflashes the
EEPROM.
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