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14" Ranger rims are identical to standard steel 14" Aerostar rims. Standard tire on most Rangers is 19575r14, Aerostars are usually fitted with 20575r14. My '96 came to me with 21570r14 mounted, and they seem to be okay.
The bolt pattern is the standard Ford 5x4.5 circle, like an early Mustang (and most other 60's and 70s Fords) use. Limiting factor on wheels and tires would be the rather limited wheelwells. The rears will rub on the lip of the wheelwell if you go too wide. I've seen people run the 15" alloys from an Explorer, or the 15" steels from a Crown Victoria, with 225/65r15 without rubbing, but it didn't look like there was any room to spare to go any larger, without pulling out and flaring wheelwells, and that it could rub under a heavy load with a lot of suspension deflection. The wheels from the various front-drive Fords (Escort, Tempo, Taurus) have a different bolt circle and offset, as do the Fox body cars (79-up Mustang, Fairmont, etc), and the Pinto/Maverick-based cars, and won't work.
You should not throw off your odometer or speedometer if you keep the combined tire/wheel height the same. In other words, if you fit 15" wheels, go to a 60 or 65 aspect ratio tire. If you fit 16", you would go with 55 or 50. A tire store will have a chart with tire heights to compare. Keep in mind that low-profile tires do not generally have as high a load rating as 70s would. You don't want to give up load capacity for looks with a van. If you are using your van to tow, you also may want to stick to steel rims for the extra strength.
I doubt seriously you could do any damage to your OD by changing wheels and tires, unless they were badly unbalanced.
AC
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