In Federalist 16, Hamilton continued the argument he made in 15 and raises the stakes.

The challenges of a lack of union, especially a problem in trade and commerce and security, occupied Publius in essays 11-14; in the subsequent nine essays thoughts concerning the crisis of union achieve a heightened clarity.

Madison begins Federalist 14 by restating the arguments made in the first 13 papers

In March of 1785 the Continental Congress entertained a motion to amend section 9 of the Articles of Confederation, giving Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign powers and among the states.

Having dealt with the disease of faction attendant to republican forms of government, Hamilton, in Federalist #11 returns to the issue of unity.

In my last essay, part 1 of a reflection Federalist #10, I dealt with Madison’s definition of faction.

Federalist 10, along with 51, are the two best-known of the 85 essays.

After directing his attention to the problems of internal dissolution, Hamilton expands on the problem in Federalist #9, one of his most carefully thought through essays, and one that draws on a number of different sources for his argument.

Outside the screened-in porch and downwind from us fourteen lambs graze in the dark.

John Jay fell ill after he completed the fifth Federalist, contributing only one more to the series (No. 64).

Like so many other Americans, I was captivated as a child by the stories in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House novels and in Michael Landon’s TV show inspired by the books.

Among Gerald Ford’s firsts was to be the first Republican to make a place in the White House for a full-time scholar.

John Jay is the neglected author of The Federalist. He only wrote five of the papers, but four of them are among the first five.

Last week we introduced our readers to The Federalist, that collection of essays essential to understanding the animating ideas and principles of American Constitutionalism.

Over the next months, we will be presenting a series on The Federalist, which many persons and scholars take to be the definitive interpretation of The Constitution.

The oath that I have taken is the same oath that was taken by George Washington and by every President under the Constitution.

In his 1979 autobiography, “A Time to Heal,” President Ford mentioned former President Woodrow Wilson.

It is the fatal habit of college professors to seek out and try to exploit “teachable moments”

No single American Founder lived to be so badly burned by the work of his own hands as John Adams.

Most Americans know the mythology of the American Founding—its key events, characters, and narrative arc.